Belgium offers universal coverage through a system of compulsory health insurance (mutualités/mutualiteiten), funded by social security contributions and taxes. Most care is delivered by independent clinicians, and patients pay fees upfront, receiving partial reimbursement from insurers. Hospitals can be private, public, or non-profit, with a significant number of group practices (Maisons Médicales/MediHuizen). Digital health, especially e-prescribing and electronic patient summaries (SUMEHR), has seen strong adoption, and telemedicine is regulated for remote care. Patients choose their doctors and enjoy broad access, but administrative complexity is high.

Doctors must be accredited by the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (INAMI/RIZIV) and register with provincial medical associations. Billing and coding, especially for eHealth transactions, follow Belgian Nomenclature codes and regulations. Privacy is strictly governed by GDPR and Belgian law. E-prescribing is mandatory except for certain exceptions, and medical software must be certified. Malpractice insurance and quality control audits are required. Continuous professional development is enforced.